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Global trends in HIV/AIDS mortality
Aubrecht, Vratislav ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis is focused on the development of HIV/AIDS mortality in the world starting from the year 1990 and the main goal is estimating the possible future development of the number of inhabitants of the world and defined regions and the influence of HIV/AIDS on the number of inhabitants up to the year 2065. The possible number of HIV/AIDS deaths and people, who were not born because of HIV and AIDS, is computed up to this year. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the most important institutions, which include fight against HIV and AIDS as a part of ther programme, are presented. Natural history of HIV infection and the successes in the research of HIV vaccine are described. In the analytical part, the demographic reproduction of the population of the world and selected regions between years 1950 and 2010 is described, followed by population projection of the world and regions up to year 2065 using the cohort component method. The projection is created in four variants. The first one eliminates the HIV/AIDS mortality. The second one is the constant variant, which conserve the level of HIV/AIDS mortality from the year 2010 up to the year 2065. Last two variants, higher and lower, consider changing levels of HIV/AIDS mortality at time. According to the results of this population projection,...
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Spatial behaviour of immigrants: analysis of spatial relatedness between migration groups
Hasman, Jiří ; Novotný, Josef (advisor) ; Baláž, Vladimír (referee) ; Netrdová, Pavlína (referee)
The entry of immigrants into their incoming country as well as their subsequent spread over the country's territory occurs through processes that have a strong spatial bias. The specific migration groups (here defined as the set of immigrants with the same country of origin) tend to reveal different levels and patterns of their spatial concentrations. The understanding of these similarities and dissimilarities in spatial behaviour is important task from both academic and policy perspective. This thesis has a quantitative character and it is based on the study of "spatial relatedness" of migration groups, which is defined as a rate, how much do given migration groups concentrate into the same regions. The thesis is based on a simple assumption that the spatial relatedness mirrors mutual proximity or similarity between these groups in other respects (e.g. cultural or economical). Plenty of datasets describing spatial distribution of migrants within 32 territorial systems on various scales (from global to local) are analysed. These systems will be analysed separately at first and then a synthesis of these partial results will be done with the aim to discover prevailing pattern of the spatial relatedness of migration groups. The assessments consists of several steps, which include particularly calculation of...
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Microsimulation model of population for estimation of future housing demand in Prague
Pinlová, Adriana ; Polák, Petr (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to create and implement a microsimulation model which will be able to estimate the future size and age structure of the population of Prague, thus contributing to the discussion on the topic of unavailability of housing. The created model is based on the historical development of mortality, fertility and migration in the area. Age-specific mortality and fertility rates were obtained using the Lee-Carter model. As a result of the microsimulation, it is apparent that in the next twenty years the population will clearly grow, which is due to the expected positive net migration rate. At the same time, the model assumes that in terms of the total number of inhabitants of Prague, the growth rate does not accelerate or slow down. If the volume of construction from the past twenty years is maintained, there will be no increase in the unavailability of housing due to population growth. 1
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Spatial behaviour of immigrants: analysis of spatial relatedness between migration groups
Hasman, Jiří
The entry of immigrants into their incoming country as well as their subsequent spread over the country's territory occurs through processes that have a strong spatial bias. The specific migration groups (here defined as the set of immigrants with the same country of origin) tend to reveal different levels and patterns of their spatial concentrations. The understanding of these similarities and dissimilarities in spatial behaviour is important task from both academic and policy perspective. This thesis has a quantitative character and it is based on the study of "spatial relatedness" of migration groups, which is defined as a rate, how much do given migration groups concentrate into the same regions. The thesis is based on a simple assumption that the spatial relatedness mirrors mutual proximity or similarity between these groups in other respects (e.g. cultural or economical). Plenty of datasets describing spatial distribution of migrants within 32 territorial systems on various scales (from global to local) are analysed. These systems will be analysed separately at first and then a synthesis of these partial results will be done with the aim to discover prevailing pattern of the spatial relatedness of migration groups. The assessments consists of several steps, which include particularly calculation of...
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Population development in Sweden since 1960
Nováková, Iveta ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee)
Population development in Sweden since 1960 Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the population development in Sweden between 1960 and 2018. The main goal of this work is to evaluate in the context of selected demographic characteristics the course of demographic changes that appeared in the country after 1960. The result is changes in the level of demographic reproduction, which are referred to as the second demographic transition. From the 1960s to the present, Sweden has seen an increase in the average age at first marriage, an increase in the average age of the mother giving birth and an increase in the number of divorces. During the observed period, the Swedish population aged, the share of the pre-productive component of the population decreased, while the share of the post-productive component in the population increased. The development of total fertility in Sweden is often compared to a roller coaster due to its specific fluctuation. From 1960 to 2018, Sweden saw a decline in mortality rates, especially in the older age groups and up to one year of age, which was reflected in the values of life expectancy at birth that grew for both men and women. Sweden is inspiring for other European countries with its gender-neutral family and social policy. Keywords: population development, Sweden, second...
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Spatial behaviour of immigrants: analysis of spatial relatedness between migration groups
Hasman, Jiří
The entry of immigrants into their incoming country as well as their subsequent spread over the country's territory occurs through processes that have a strong spatial bias. The specific migration groups (here defined as the set of immigrants with the same country of origin) tend to reveal different levels and patterns of their spatial concentrations. The understanding of these similarities and dissimilarities in spatial behaviour is important task from both academic and policy perspective. This thesis has a quantitative character and it is based on the study of "spatial relatedness" of migration groups, which is defined as a rate, how much do given migration groups concentrate into the same regions. The thesis is based on a simple assumption that the spatial relatedness mirrors mutual proximity or similarity between these groups in other respects (e.g. cultural or economical). Plenty of datasets describing spatial distribution of migrants within 32 territorial systems on various scales (from global to local) are analysed. These systems will be analysed separately at first and then a synthesis of these partial results will be done with the aim to discover prevailing pattern of the spatial relatedness of migration groups. The assessments consists of several steps, which include particularly calculation of...
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Global trends in HIV/AIDS mortality
Aubrecht, Vratislav ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis is focused on the development of HIV/AIDS mortality in the world starting from the year 1990 and the main goal is estimating the possible future development of the number of inhabitants of the world and defined regions and the influence of HIV/AIDS on the number of inhabitants up to the year 2065. The possible number of HIV/AIDS deaths and people, who were not born because of HIV and AIDS, is computed up to this year. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the most important institutions, which include fight against HIV and AIDS as a part of ther programme, are presented. Natural history of HIV infection and the successes in the research of HIV vaccine are described. In the analytical part, the demographic reproduction of the population of the world and selected regions between years 1950 and 2010 is described, followed by population projection of the world and regions up to year 2065 using the cohort component method. The projection is created in four variants. The first one eliminates the HIV/AIDS mortality. The second one is the constant variant, which conserve the level of HIV/AIDS mortality from the year 2010 up to the year 2065. Last two variants, higher and lower, consider changing levels of HIV/AIDS mortality at time. According to the results of this population projection,...
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Spatial behaviour of immigrants: analysis of spatial relatedness between migration groups
Hasman, Jiří ; Novotný, Josef (advisor) ; Baláž, Vladimír (referee) ; Netrdová, Pavlína (referee)
The entry of immigrants into their incoming country as well as their subsequent spread over the country's territory occurs through processes that have a strong spatial bias. The specific migration groups (here defined as the set of immigrants with the same country of origin) tend to reveal different levels and patterns of their spatial concentrations. The understanding of these similarities and dissimilarities in spatial behaviour is important task from both academic and policy perspective. This thesis has a quantitative character and it is based on the study of "spatial relatedness" of migration groups, which is defined as a rate, how much do given migration groups concentrate into the same regions. The thesis is based on a simple assumption that the spatial relatedness mirrors mutual proximity or similarity between these groups in other respects (e.g. cultural or economical). Plenty of datasets describing spatial distribution of migrants within 32 territorial systems on various scales (from global to local) are analysed. These systems will be analysed separately at first and then a synthesis of these partial results will be done with the aim to discover prevailing pattern of the spatial relatedness of migration groups. The assessments consists of several steps, which include particularly calculation of...
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Modelling population structure and their changes: Neolithic demographic transition in Central Europe.
Galeta, Patrik ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Černý, Viktor (referee) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Neolithic dispersal in Europe has been alternatively explained through spread of farmers (migrationist position) or by adoption of farming by Mesolithic foragers (indigenist position). Mixed explanations have considered a combination of both processes. Neolithic dispersal in Central Europe was traditionally viewed as migrationist process. It was believed that farmers colonized the area and replaced indigenous foragers. During the last decade, authors have adhered to integrationist view as they have observed the continuity between Mesolithic and Neolithic technologies. Interestingly, the most recent genetic analyses again invoked the idea of colonization. Surprisingly, little attention has been paid to demographic modeling. The farming quickly spread in Central Europe between 5 600 and 5 400 calBC. Assuming colonization, Neolithic dispersal in Central Europe would have to be associated with high fertility rate of farmers. Our goal was to test whether the fertility rate of farmers was high enough to allow them to colonize Central Europe without admixture with local foragers. We produced four stochastic models of population dynamics of farmers during their colonization in Central Europe. The principle of Model 1-3 is based on methods of population projections. Model 4 stems from the wave of advance...
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Changes in the age structure of the population of the Czech Republic and their possible consequences
Holečková, Kristýna ; Langhamrová, Jitka (advisor) ; Cséfalvaiová, Kornélia (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on major demographic changes in behaviour among the population of the Czech Republic between 1989 and 2014. Currently, population ageing represents a global problem connected with many causes and consequences - economic, social or political. The thesis concentrates specifically on three areas. One of them is the labour market, which is frequently associated with concerns about labour shortage and labour market discrimination. Further, it engages with the system of social policy, namely nursing services and homes for the elderly and constantly increasing costs of health care. The thesis aims at a detailed discription of areas connected with the changes in the age structure and make a suggestion of possible measures to face the effects of demographic ageing with regard to future development. A substantial part focuses at the development of selected demographic indicators and population projection.
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